Muhimman Abubuwan Da Ake Ɗauka
- Takalma na kebul na bakin karfe 316Waɗannan su ne manyan shawarwarinmu ga muhallin ruwa da na teku, waɗanda suka tsira daga gwajin feshin gishiri na ASTM B117 sama da awanni 1,500.
- 304 igiyoyin kebul na bakin karfeyana ba da zaɓi mai araha don matsakaicin fallasa ga ruwa, wanda ke jure wa feshin gishiri na awanni 800 zuwa 1,200 kafin a ga tsatsa a bayyane.
- Takalma na kebul na bakin karfe 201ba su dace da amfani da ruwa ba, suna nuna tsatsa cikin awanni 150 zuwa 300 bayan an fallasa su ga feshin gishiri.
- Gwajin fesa gishirin ASTM B117 hanya ce ta masana'antu da muke amfani da ita don kwatanta juriyar tsatsa tsakanin maki.
- Abubuwan da ke cikin molybdenum a cikin aji 316 sune mahimman bambance-bambancen juriya ga chloride a cikin yanayin ruwa.
- Muna ba da shawarar adabarun siyan kayayyaki masu matakai: 316 don wuraren feshewa da nutsewa, 304 don yankunan yanayi.
- Farashin farashi ga 316 sama da 304 yawanci shine 20-40%, wanda aka tabbatar da shi ta hanyar tsawon rayuwar sabis a cikin yanayin ruwa.
Teburin Abubuwan da ke Ciki
- Me Yasa Matsayin Karfe Mai Bakin Karfe Yake Da Muhimmanci Ga Haɗin Kebul a Muhalli na Ruwa
- Haɗin Sinadarai: 304 vs 316 vs 201 Idan aka kwatanta
- Bayanin Hanyar Gwajin Fesa Gishiri ta ASTM B117
- Sakamakon Gwajin Fesa Gishiri: Bayanan Kwatancen mu na 304 da 316 da 201
- Aikace-aikacen Ruwa na Gaskiya na Duniya don Kowane Aji
- Musayar Kuɗi vs Cinikin Aiki ga Ƙungiyoyin Sayayya
- Tsarin Shawarwari Kan Siyayyarmu don Haɗin Kebul na Ruwa
- Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi
Me Yasa Matsayin Karfe Mai Bakin Karfe Yake Da Muhimmanci Ga Haɗin Kebul a Muhalli na Ruwa
Idan muka yi aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin sayayya na jiragen ruwa da injiniyoyin ƙasashen waje, tambayar da muke yawan ji ita ce:"Wane matakin bakin karfe ya kamata mu ƙayyade don aikace-aikacen ɗaure kebul ɗinmu?"Tambaya ce mai matuƙar muhimmanci domin kuskuren ƙayyadaddun bayanai na iya haifar da gazawa da wuri, sake sanya farashi mai tsada, da kuma haɗarin tsaro a kan jiragen ruwa, dandamali na teku, da kayayyakin more rayuwa na tashar jiragen ruwa. Kwarewarmu a fannin kera kayayyakiigiyoyin kebul na bakin karfeya nuna mana cewa zaɓin maki shine abu mafi mahimmanci da ke ƙayyade aiki na dogon lokaci a cikin muhallin lalata.
Mun ga ƙungiyoyin sayayya sun ƙi bin mafi arha zaɓi, amma bayan watanni sai muka gano cewa igiyoyin kebul ɗinsu sun lalace kuma sun rasa ingancin tsarinsu.Domin kuwaMuhalli na ruwa yana fallasa maƙallan ga haɗuwa mai ɗorewa na fesa gishiri, hasken UV, danshi, da kuma zagayowar zafin jiki, ba za mu iya ƙara jaddada mahimmancin zaɓar madaidaicin matakin ƙarfe na bakin ƙarfe ba tun daga farko. Maki uku da aka fi ƙayyadewa don ɗaure kebul na bakin ƙarfe sune304, 316, kuma201, kuma duk da cewa suna iya kama da juna a lokacin shigarwa, aikinsu yana canzawa sosai akan lokaci.
A cikin wannan labarin, mun yi amfani da ƙwarewar da muka samu a fannin samar da igiyoyin kebul da kuma na'urorin ƙarfe masu sanyi don samar da cikakken kwatancen waɗannan matakai uku bisa ga bayanai. Za mu jagorance ku ta hanyar hanyar gwajin feshi mai gishiri, mu gabatar da sakamakon dakin gwaje-gwajenmu, kuma mu bayar da tsarin yanke shawara mai amfani da abokan cinikinmu ke amfani da shi don ayyukan jiragen ruwa da na jiragen ruwa a duk duniya.
Haɗin Sinadarai: 304 vs 316 vs 201 Idan aka kwatanta
Domin fahimtar dalilin da yasa wasu ma'auni ke aiki mafi kyau a yanayin ruwa, muna buƙatar bincika abin da kowanne ƙarfen bakin ƙarfe ya ƙunsa a matakin ƙarfe. Juriyar tsatsa ta bakin ƙarfe ta samo asali ne daga abubuwan da ke cikin chromium ɗinsa, wanda ke samar da wani Layer na chromium oxide mai aiki a saman. Duk da haka, ƙarin abubuwan da ke haɗa ƙarfe - musammannickelkumamolybdenum— taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tantance yadda layin da ba ya aiki yake jure harin chloride a yanayin feshi na gishiri. Muna samo kayanmu a matsayin na'urori masu naɗewa da tsiri na bakin ƙarfe masu sanyi, kuma muna tabbatar da sinadaran da ke cikin kowane rukuni kafin a fara samar da su.
Ga yadda maki ukun suka kwatanta a cikin abubuwan da suka haɗa da sinadarai:
| Sinadarin | 304 (18Cr-8Ni) | 316 (16Cr-10Ni-2Mo) | 201 (17Cr-4.5Ni-6Mn) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chromium (Cr) | 18.0 – 20.0% | 16.0 – 18.0% | 17.0 – 19.0% |
| Nickel (Ni) | 8.0 – 10.5% | 10.0 – 14.0% | 1.0 – 5.0% |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | Babu | 2.0 – 3.0% | Babu |
| Manganese (Mn) | Matsakaicin 2.0% | Matsakaicin 2.0% | 5.5 – 7.5% |
| Nitrogen (N) | Matsakaicin 0.10% | Matsakaicin 0.10% | Matsakaicin 0.25% |
| Carbon (C) | Matsakaicin 0.08% | Matsakaicin 0.08% | Matsakaicin 0.15% |
Babban mahimmancin bambanci tsakanin aikin ruwa da ruwa shine molybdenum.Mun haskaka wannan saboda 316 shine kawai matakin da ke cikin ukun da ke ɗauke da molybdenum (2-3%), wanda ke ba da juriya ta musamman ga tsatsa da kuma tsatsa da ions chloride ke haifarwa.Domin kuwaMuhalli na ruwa yana da wadataccen sinadarin chloride daga gishirin teku, kasancewar ko rashin molybdenum shine abu mafi mahimmanci a cikin shawarwarinmu na matakin amfani da shi a ƙasashen waje. Wannan ya yi daidai da ƙa'idodin kimiyyar kayan da aka rubuta ta hanyarNassoshin Wikipedia na bakin karfeda kuma ƙa'idodin injiniyan tsatsa da aka buga taNACE ta Duniya.
Matsayin 201 yana gabatar da wata damuwa ta musamman da muke son masu siyan ruwa su fahimta. Don rage farashi, 201 yana maye gurbin yawancin sinadarin nickel da manganese da nitrogen. Duk da cewa wannan yana sa 201 ya fi araha sosai, yana lalata ikon ƙarfe na kiyaye layin kariya mai aiki a cikin muhalli mai wadataccen chloride. Mun yi rikodin wannan akai-akai a cikin gwajin ingancinmu, kuma shine dalilin da ya sa ba ma ba da shawarar 201 don kowane aikace-aikacen ɗaure kebul na ruwa ba. Don ƙarin bayani game da yadda muke samowa da sarrafa kayanmu, muna gayyatarku ku ziyarci shafinmu.layukan samarwashafi.
Bayanin Hanyar Gwajin Fesa Gishiri ta ASTM B117
TheGwajin feshin gishirin ASTM B117(wanda kuma aka sani da gwajin hazo na gishiri) shine ma'aunin da aka sani a duniya don kimanta juriyar tsatsa na kayan ƙarfe da rufin. Muna amfani da wannan gwajin a matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar tabbatar da inganci ga kowane rukunin samar da kebul na igiyoyi da aka yi niyya don muhallin lalata na ruwa ko masana'antu. ASTM International ta daidaita gwajin kuma ƙungiyoyi sun haɗa daNIST, UL, kumaOSHAa cikin tsare-tsare daban-daban na bin ƙa'idodi.
Ga yadda muke gudanar da tsarin gwajin feshi na gishirinmu:
- Samfurin Shiri:Muna shirya samfuran ɗaure kebul daga kowane aji (304, 316, 201) a cikin yanayin da aka ƙera su, muna tabbatar da daidaiton ƙarewar saman.
- Saitin Ɗaki:Mun tsara ɗakin fesa gishiri bisa ga buƙatun ASTM B117: maganin sodium chloride (NaCl) 5%, pH tsakanin 6.5 da 7.2, zafin ɗakin da aka kiyaye a digiri 35 na Celsius.
- Ci gaba da Bayyanawa:Ana fallasa samfuran ga feshin gishiri mai ci gaba da ba tare da katsewa ba tsawon lokacin gwajin.
- Jadawalin Dubawa:Muna duba samfurori akai-akai: awanni 24, 72, 168, 336, 500, 720, 1000, 1500, da 2000.
- Ka'idojin Kimantawa:Mun rubuta bayyanar farko ta canza launin saman, fara tsatsa da ake gani (fara ramin rami), da kuma kashi na yankin saman da abin ya shafa a kowane lokaci.
- Takardu:Kowace gwaji tana samar da cikakken rahoto tare da shaidar daukar hoto da kuma kimanta tsatsa na awa-awa.
Domin kuwaASTM B117 gwaji ne mai sauri, sakamakon ba ya fassara kai tsaye zuwa rayuwar sabis ta zahiri ta hanyar mutum ɗaya. Duk da haka, suna ba da kwatancen dangi mai mahimmanci tsakanin maki a ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya da aka sarrafa. Lokacin da muka gaya wa ƙungiyar sayayya ta ruwa cewa 316 ya fi 201 da kashi biyar ko fiye a gwajin feshi na gishiri, wannan rabon yana da gaskiya a cikin yanayin ruwa na gaske. Muna ba da shawarar abokan cinikinmu su kuma duba rarrabuwar gurɓataccen yanayi a cikin ISO 9223, waɗanda ke ba da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa na gaske ga yankuna daban-daban na ruwa.
Cibiyar gwajinmu tana kula da ɗakunan feshin gishiri masu daidaito waɗanda muke tabbatarwa akai-akai. Muna adana cikakkun bayanai kuma muna iya samar da takaddun shaida na gwaji ga kowane rukuni naigiyoyin kebul na bakin karfeMuna bayarwa. Wannan gaskiya abu ne da muke ganin yana da mahimmanci don gina aminci tare da abokan cinikinmu na ruwa da na ƙasashen waje.
Sakamakon Gwajin Fesa Gishiri: Bayanan Kwatancen mu na 304 da 316 da 201
Muna raba sakamakon da ke ƙasa daga shirin gwajin gishirin ASTM B117 na ciki. Waɗannan alkaluma suna wakiltar kewayon aiki na yau da kullun da muke lura da su a kowane mataki lokacin da aka ƙera su ta amfani da sandunan ƙarfe masu sanyi da aka yi birgima da su. Sakamakon mutum ɗaya na iya bambanta dangane da takamaiman abun da ke cikin ƙarfe a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙimar da kuma ƙarewar saman da aka yi amfani da shi yayin ƙera.
| Sigogi | Bakin Karfe 304 | Bakin Karfe 316 | Bakin Karfe 201 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Canza launi na farko (awanni) | 200 – 400 | 400 – 700 | 50 – 120 |
| Tsatsa/raguwa ta farko da ake gani (awanni) | 800 – 1,200 | 1,500 – 2,500+ | 150 – 300 |
| Tsatsa ta saman 5% (awanni) | 1,200 – 1,800 | 2,500 – 4,000+ | 300 – 500 |
| Asarar ingancin tsarin (awanni) | 2,000 – 3,000 | 4,000 – 6,000+ | 500 – 800 |
| Kimanta tsawon rayuwar hidimar ruwa | Shekaru 5 - 10 | Shekaru 15 – 25+ | Shekaru 1 – 3 |
| Ma'aunin farashin kayan da aka danganta | 1.0x (tushe) | 1.2x – 1.4x | 0.6x – 0.75x |
| Matsayin dacewa da ruwa | Matsakaici | Madalla sosai | Ba a ba da shawarar ba |
Domin kuwaWaɗannan sakamakon suna nuna a sarari gibin aiki tsakanin maki, koyaushe muna gabatar da wannan bayanan ga abokan cinikinmu na ruwa kafin su kammala takamaiman bayanan su. Bayanan suna ba da labari mai ban sha'awa:Layukan kebul na bakin karfe 316 suna ɗaukar tsawon igiyoyi kusan sau uku zuwa biyar fiye da igiyoyi 304 kuma sun fi tsayi sau goma zuwa ashirin fiye da igiyoyi 201 a gwajin feshin gishiri.Ga ƙungiyar sayayya da ke ƙayyade igiyoyin kebul don wani dandamali na ƙasashen waje mai tsawon shekaru 20 na ƙira, wannan bayanan ya sa batun 316 ya zama abin mamaki.
Muna kuma son mu jaddada cewa tsarinmu na yin birgima a cikin sanyi da dabarun kammala saman yana taimakawa wajen samar da babban ƙarshen waɗannan ayyukan. Muna sarrafa sigogin birgima don rage lahani a saman da zai iya zama wuraren fara lalata, wani bayani da ke raba muƙulla kebul na kulle kai tsaye na balldaga madadin marasa inganci a kasuwa. Don cikakkun bayanai game da tsarin ingancinmu, muna gayyatarku don ƙarin koyogame da mu.
Aikace-aikacen Ruwa na Gaskiya na Duniya don Kowane Aji
Zaɓar ma'aunin kebul mai dacewa ya dogara ne akan fahimtar takamaiman yanayin ruwa inda za a tura na'urar ɗaurewa. Muna rarraba yanayin ruwa zuwa yankuna uku bisa ga tsananin tasirinsu, bin tsarin da hukumomin ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa ke amfani da shi da kuma ƙwarewarmu a fagen ɗaruruwan ayyukan ruwa.
Yanki na 1: Bayyanar Yanayi (Kayayyakin more rayuwa na tashar jiragen ruwa, rumbunan ajiya, tashoshin jiragen ruwa masu rufewa)
A yanayin da ake amfani da kebul a gefen tashar jiragen ruwa, igiyoyin kebul suna fuskantar iska mai gishiri amma ba a fallasa su kai tsaye ga ruwan teku ko nutsewa ba. Muna ɗaukar wannan yanki mafi sauƙi na ruwa.Haɗe-haɗen kebul na bakin ƙarfe 304 suna aiki yadda ya kamata a wannan yanki, yawanci suna ba da sabis na shekaru 5 zuwa 10 kafin tsatsa ta bayyana ta zama abin damuwa. Ga ƙungiyoyin sayayya da ke kula da manyan ayyukan samar da ababen more rayuwa na tashar jiragen ruwa inda ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi ke da yawa, 304 yana ba da daidaiton farashi da dorewa. Mun samar da kebul na ƙarfe masu inganci 304 don shigar da wutar lantarki ta tashar jiragen ruwa, sarrafa kebul na tashar jiragen ruwa da aka rufe, da tsarin tara kaya a wuraren da ke bakin teku.
Yanki na 2: Yankin Fashewa (Kayan Aikin Tashar Jiragen Ruwa, Tsarin Filin Jirgin Ruwa, Yankunan da Raƙuman Ruwa suka Shafa)
Yankin da ke zubar da ruwa shine inda yanayin ruwa ke zama mai matuƙar wahala. Haɗa kebul a wannan yanki yana fuskantar hulɗa kai tsaye tsakanin ruwan teku, hasken UV mai ƙarfi, zagayowar ruwa da bushewa wanda ke hanzarta tsatsa, da kuma matsin lamba daga tasirin raƙuman ruwa da motsin jiragen ruwa. Mun ƙayyade.Kebul ɗin kebul na bakin ƙarfe 316 na musamman don aikace-aikacen yankin fesawaAbubuwan da ke cikin molybdenum a cikin 316 suna ba da juriya ga ramuka da ake buƙata don tsira daga waɗannan yanayi. Aikace-aikacen da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da hanyar kebul na jirgin ruwa, sarrafa kebul na tsarin tashar jiragen ruwa, matsewa ta dandamalin jiragen ruwa, da shigarwar taimakon kewayawa.ƙulla kebul na kulle kai tsaye na ballsuna da shahara musamman a aikace-aikacen yankin splash saboda tsarin kulle su yana hana sassauta girgiza.
Yanki na 3: Yankin Nutsewa (Kayan Aikin Karkashin Ruwa, Kebul na Karkashin Ruwa, Tankunan Ballast)
Don ci gaba da nutsewa cikin ruwan teku, muna ba da shawarar kawaiTakalma na kebul na bakin karfe 316tare da ƙarin matakan kariya. A cikin yanayin da aka nutse gaba ɗaya, har ma da 316 zai lalace daga ƙarshe, amma ana auna lokacinsa cikin shekaru da yawa maimakon shekaru. Don aikace-aikacen ƙarƙashin teku, sau da yawa muna ba da shawarar amfani da muigiyoyin kebul masu rufi na epoxywanda ke haɗa juriyar tsatsa na bakin ƙarfe 316 tare da ƙarin Layer na shingen epoxy don mafi girman kariya. Ana amfani da waɗannan don haɗa kebul na ƙarƙashin teku, ɗaure tankin ballast, da tsarin tallafawa bututun ruwa.
Domin kuwaKowace yankin ruwa tana gabatar da ƙalubalen tsatsa daban-daban, muna aiki tare da abokan cinikinmu don tsara yankunan shigarwarsu kafin mu ba da shawarar takamaiman matsayi. Wannan hanyar ba da shawara ta taimaka mana mu yi wa ƙungiyoyin sayayya na ruwa hidima a fannoni daban-daban na gina jiragen ruwa, makamashin teku, gina tashoshin jiragen ruwa, da kuma fannin tsaron jiragen ruwa. Mun buga ƙarin nazarin shari'o'i a cikin shafin yanar gizon mu, gami da nazarinkebul na kulle kai don aikace-aikace masu wahalakumafasahar ɗaure kebul na zamani mai kulle kai.
Musayar Kuɗi vs Cinikin Aiki ga Ƙungiyoyin Sayayya
Mun fahimci cewa kowace shawara kan siyayya ta ƙunshi daidaita buƙatun fasaha da ƙa'idodin kasafin kuɗi. Ƙungiyoyin siyayya na jiragen ruwa suna aiki a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba mai yawa na farashi, kuma jarabawar ƙayyade ƙaramin maki don rage farashin kayan aiki gaskiya ne. Duk da haka, ƙwarewarmu ta nuna cewajimillar kuɗin mallakarDomin kebul na ɗaurewa a cikin yanayin ruwa ba ya dogara ne akan farashin farko na siye ba, amma akan farashin maye gurbin, aiki, da lokacin hutu a tsawon lokacin aikin.
Bari mu yi bayani dalla-dalla game da farashin da aka yi amfani da shi bisa ga yanayin siyan kayan ruwa na yau da kullun:
Yanayi: Haɗin kebul 10,000 don dandamalin waje, tsawon shekaru 20 na ƙira
- Darasi na 201:Mafi ƙarancin farashi na farko (~$0.06 a kowace jere = jimillar $600). Duk da haka, muna kiyasta maye gurbin 5 zuwa 7 a cikin shekaru 20, kowannensu yana buƙatar rufewa a kan kayan gini, aiki, da kuma rufewar samarwa. An kiyasta jimillar kuɗin shekaru 20: $15,000 zuwa $25,000+
- Darasi na 304:Farashin farko na matsakaicin farashi (~$0.10 a kowace jere = jimillar $1,000). Mun kiyasta maye gurbin 1 zuwa 2 a cikin shekaru 20. An kiyasta jimillar kuɗin shekaru 20: $5,000 zuwa $10,000
- Darasi na 316:Mafi girman farashi na farko (~$0.13 a kowace kunne = jimillar $1,300). Mun kiyasta cewa babu wani maye gurbin da zai wuce shekaru 20 a yanayin yankin feshi. An kiyasta jimillar kuɗin shekaru 20: $1,300
Waɗannan alkaluma suna nuna ƙa'idar da muke rabawa tare da abokan cinikinmu na ruwa akai-akai:Mafi arha kebul ɗin ɗaurewa galibi shine mafi tsada idan aka kimanta shi a tsawon lokacin aikin. Domin kuwaKuɗin aiki don maye gurbin kebul na waje ya wuce bambancin farashin kayan aiki tsakanin maki, muna ba da shawarar ƙungiyoyin sayayya su ƙididdige jimillar kuɗin da aka shigar, ba kawai farashin naúrar ba. Muna ba da cikakken tallafin ƙirar farashi a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin ƙididdigewa, kuma za mu iya aiki tare da ƙungiyar injiniyanku don inganta ƙayyadaddun bayanai a yankuna daban-daban na aiki ɗaya.
Ga ayyukan da ƙa'idodin kasafin kuɗi suka sa ƙayyade 316 a duk lokacin da ba zai yiwu ba, muna ba da shawarar namutsarin ƙayyadaddun matakai: yi amfani da 316 a yankuna 2 da 3 (fashewa da nutsewa), da kuma 304 a yanki 1 (yanayi). Wannan dabarar haɗakarwa yawanci tana rage jimlar kuɗin kayan aiki da kashi 20-30% idan aka kwatanta da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na dukkan-316 yayin da take kiyaye ingantaccen aiki a duk yankuna. Muna kuma samarwa.kayan aikin ɗaure kebulan tsara shi don ingantaccen shigarwa, wanda ke ƙara rage farashin aikin ku yayin fara amfani da shi.
Tsarin Shawarwari Kan Siyayyarmu don Haɗin Kebul na Ruwa
Dangane da shekarun da muka yi muna aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin sayayya na ruwa a duk faɗin duniya, mun ƙirƙiro tsarin yanke shawara mai tsari wanda muke ba da shawarar ga duk wani takamaiman kebul na jirgin ruwa ko na jirgin ruwa. Wannan tsarin yana tabbatar da cewa kun zaɓi mafi kyawun maki ga kowane yanki na aikace-aikacen yayin da kuke sarrafa farashi.
Mataki na 1: Rarraba Yankin Tsabtace Tsabta
Za mu fara da taswirar kowane wurin daurin kebul zuwa yankin tsatsa na ruwa (yanayi, feshewa, ko nutsewa) ta amfani da ISO 9223 a matsayin ma'auninmu na tunani. Wannan rarrabuwa tana jagorantar duk shawarwarin da za a yanke daga baya.
Mataki na 2: Ƙayyade Rayuwar Sabis da ake Bukata
Muna aiki tare da ƙungiyar injiniyanku don kafa tsawon lokacin sabis na kowane yanki. Shin shekaru 5 ne, shekaru 10, ko shekaru 20+? Wannan yana ƙayyade ko ƙaramin maki tare da shirye-shiryen maye gurbin ya dace ko kuma ko an wajabta babban maki.
Mataki na 3: Nazari kan Bayanan Fesa Gishiri
Muna kwatanta tsawon lokacin sabis ɗin da ake buƙata da bayanan gwajin feshin gishirin ASTM B117 (wanda aka gabatar a cikin teburin kwatantawa da ke sama) don gano wanne ma'auni ya cika ƙa'idar aiki ga kowane yanki.
Mataki na 4: Lissafa Jimlar Kudin Mallaka
Muna ƙididdige jimillar kuɗin mallakar kowace zaɓi na aji na shekaru 20, gami da siyan farko, aikin maye gurbin, farashin shimfida/shigarwa, da lokacin hutun samarwa. Wannan bincike yawanci yana nuna cewa 316 shine zaɓi mafi arha don wuraren fesawa da nutsewa.
Mataki na 5: Zaɓi Tsarin Haɗin Kebul
Muna taimaka muku zaɓar ƙirar ɗaure kebul da ta dace don kowane aikace-aikacen:ƙulla kebul na kulle kai tsaye na balldon yanayin girgiza mai ƙarfi, kulle kai na yau da kullun don amfani gabaɗaya, da bambance-bambancen rufi don ingantaccen kariya. Hakanan muna samar da daidaitawakayan aikin ɗaure kebuldon shigarwa na ƙwararru.
Domin kuwaShawarwarin sayen kayan ruwa suna da sakamako na dogon lokaci, muna ƙarfafa ƙungiyoyi da su saka lokaci a cikin wannan kimantawa mai tsari maimakon yin watsi da zaɓin mafi arha. Ƙungiyar fasaha tamu tana nan don jagorantar ku ta kowane mataki na wannan tsarin kuma ku ba da shawarwari na musamman bisa ga takamaiman buƙatun aikin ku. Kuna iya sake duba cikakken kewayon samfuranmuigiyoyin kebul na bakin karfe or tuntuɓe mukai tsaye don yin shawara.
Muna kuma ba da shawarar cewa ƙungiyoyin sayayya su sake duba ƙarin albarkatunmu, gami da rubuce-rubucenmu na shafin yanar gizo akanzaɓin ɗaure kebul na kulle kaikumafasahar kullewa ta zamani, don ƙarin fahimtar abubuwan da suka shafi ƙirar kebul.
Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi
Wane irin ƙarfe ne ya fi dacewa da igiyoyin kebul na ruwa?
Ga mafi yawan yanayin ruwa, muna ba da shawararTakalma na kebul na bakin karfe 316saboda suna ɗauke da kashi 2-3% na molybdenum, wanda ke ba da juriya ga ramin da chloride ke haifarwa da tsatsa. A cikin gwajin feshin gishirinmu bisa ga ASTM B117, haɗin kebul 316 ya wuce awanni 1,500 ba tare da tsatsa mai ganuwa ba, wanda hakan ya sa su zama zaɓin da aka saba da shi don yin amfani da jiragen ruwa, dandamali na teku, da kayayyakin more rayuwa na tashar jiragen ruwa. Duk da haka, ga yankunan da ke da ƙarancin fallasa ruwan gishiri kai tsaye, haɗin kebul na bakin ƙarfe 304 na iya aiki yadda ya kamata a farashi mai rahusa. Muna ba da shawara ga ƙungiyoyin sayayya na ruwa da su tantance takamaiman yankin tsatsa (yanayi, feshi, ko nutsewa) kafin zaɓar matsayi. Muna ba da cikakken jagorar rarrabuwar yanki a matsayin wani ɓangare na sabis ɗin tuntuɓar fasaha, kuma ƙungiyarmu za ta iya taimaka muku ƙayyade madaidaicin matakin don kowane wurin shigarwa akan aikinku.
Tsawon wane lokaci ne igiyoyin ƙarfe 304 na bakin ƙarfe za su daɗe a gwajin fesa gishiri?
A cikin gwajin dakin gwaje-gwajenmu bisa ga ka'idar ASTM B117,304 igiyoyin kebul na bakin karfeYawanci suna fara nuna alamun farko na canza launin saman sama kimanin awanni 500 zuwa 800 na ci gaba da fallasa gishirin. Tabo masu tsatsa, waɗanda aka fi sani da fara rami, galibi suna bayyana tsakanin awanni 800 zuwa 1,200 dangane da ƙarewar saman da duk wani magani bayan sarrafawa da aka yi amfani da shi. Ga ƙungiyoyin sayayya da ke tantance ɗaure kebul don yanayin ruwa mai matsakaici, 304 yana ba da daidaito mai ma'ana tsakanin farashi da aiki, amma koyaushe muna ba da shawarar ƙara iyaka mai aminci lokacin ƙayyade buƙatun rayuwar sabis. Layukan samarwarmu suna samar da ɗaure kebul 304 tare da daidaiton ƙarewar sanyi wanda ke haɓaka wannan taga juriyar tsatsa. Mun kuma lura cewa ingancin ƙarewar saman yana da tasiri mai aunawa akan juriyar tsatsa, shi ya sa muke sarrafa sigogin aikin birgima a hankali.
Zan iya amfani da igiyoyin kebul na bakin karfe 201 kusa da teku?
We na ba da shawara sosai game da amfani da igiyoyin kebul na bakin karfe 201a kowace muhalli inda feshin gishiri, hazo na teku, ko kuma ruwan gishiri kai tsaye ya shiga. A cikin gwajin feshin gishirin ASTM B117 ɗinmu, ɗaure kebul na matakin 201 yana fara nuna tsatsa a saman ƙasa cikin awanni 150 zuwa 300, da kuma samuwar tsatsa mai yawa cikin awanni 500. Matakin 201 yana amfani da manganese da nitrogen a matsayin madadin nickel, wanda hakan ke rage juriyarsa ga tsatsa chloride sosai. Duk da cewa ɗaure kebul na 201 ya dace da aikace-aikacen masana'antu na cikin gida ko busasshe inda tanadin kuɗi ya zama fifiko, za su gaza da wuri a cikin yanayin ruwa kuma su haifar da manyan alhaki na aminci da kulawa. Ga ayyukan jiragen ruwa na waje da na gina jiragen ruwa, muna ba da shawarar aƙalla matakin 304, tare da 316 shine ƙayyadaddun da aka fi so. Mun rubuta shari'o'i da yawa inda abokan ciniki suka canza daga 201 zuwa 316 bayan sun fuskanci gazawa da wuri a cikin shekarar farko ta aikin.
Menene gwajin feshin gishirin ASTM B117 kuma me yasa yake da mahimmanci ga zaɓin ɗaure kebul?
Gwajin fesa gishirin ASTM B117 gwajin lalata ne mai sauri wanda ƙungiyoyi kamar ASTM International suka amince da shi,NIST, kumaSAE na Ƙasa da Ƙasa. A cikin wannan gwajin, ana fallasa samfuran zuwa ga hazo mai ci gaba na maganin sodium chloride 5% a digiri 35 na Celsius a cikin ɗakin da aka sarrafa. Gwajin yana auna sa'o'i nawa kayan zai iya tsayayya da tsatsa a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi masu tsauri. Ga ƙungiyoyin siyan jiragen ruwa, sakamakon ASTM B117 yana ba da ingantaccen wurin bayanai mai kama da juna lokacin kimanta kayan ɗaure kebul daga masu samar da kayayyaki daban-daban. Muna amfani da wannan gwajin a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin tabbatar da inganci ga kowane rukunin igiyoyin kebul da aka yi niyya don aikace-aikacen ruwa. Duk da cewa babu wani gwaji mai sauri da ya kwaikwayi yanayin gaske, ASTM B117 yana ba abokan cinikinmu ma'auni na gaske don kwatanta maki 304, 316, da 201 gefe da gefe. Hakanan muna nuna tsarin rarrabuwa dagaNACE ta Duniyadon bayanai game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin mutane a zahiri.
Menene bambancin farashi tsakanin igiyoyin kebul na bakin karfe 304 da 316?
Bambancin farashi tsakanin igiyoyin kebul na bakin karfe 304 da 316 yawanci yana farawa daga20% zuwa 40%ya danganta da yawan oda, girman ɗaure kebul, da farashin kayan masarufi na yanzu. Nau'in 316 ya ƙunshi molybdenum, wanda shine babban abin haɗa ƙarfe mai tsada, kuma wannan shine babban abin da ke haifar da ƙimar farashi. Don manyan odar siyan ruwa, muna aiki kai tsaye tare da abokan cinikinmu don inganta ƙayyadaddun bayanai da kuma nemo mafita mafi inganci. A lokuta da yawa, muna ba da shawarar hanyar da ta dace: amfani da igiyoyin kebul 316 a cikin yankunan da suka fi lalaci (yankunan fantsama da nutsewa) yayin da muke ƙayyade 304 don wuraren da yanayi ba shi da tsauri. Ikon samarwa yana ba mu damar samar da maki biyu yadda ya kamata, kuma muna ba da cikakken bayani game da farashi yayin aiwatar da ƙiyasin farashi. Muna ƙarfafa ƙungiyoyin sayayya su nemi jimlar binciken kuɗin mallakarmu, wanda ke lissafin zagayowar maye gurbin da farashin aiki a tsawon lokacin aikin.
Ta yaya zan zaɓi madaidaicin kebul ɗin da ya dace don aikace-aikacen dandamali na ƙasashen waje?
Zaɓar kebul na haɗin gwiwa don dandamalin waje yana buƙatar tsarin tsari wanda ya yi la'akari da takamaiman yankin tsatsa, buƙatun nauyin injina, da ƙa'idodin masana'antu masu dacewa. Muna ba da shawarar bin tsarin ISO 9223 na lalata yanayi don gano ko wurin shigarwa ya faɗi cikin nau'in tsatsa na C4 (babba) ko C5 (babba sosai). Ga dandamalin waje, yankin tsatsa da yankunan kusa da teku kusan koyaushe suna faɗawa cikin C5, wanda ke nufin mun ƙayyade igiyoyin kebul na bakin ƙarfe 316 a matsayin tushen. Ga wurare masu tsayi waɗanda ke da ƙarancin fallasa gishiri, 304 na iya isa. Muna kuma ba da shawarar yin la'akari daƙulla kebul na kulle kai tsaye na balldon aikace-aikacen ƙasashen waje saboda tsarin kulle su yana ba da juriya mai kyau ga girgiza idan aka kwatanta da nau'ikan maƙallan yau da kullun. Ƙungiyarmu ta fasaha tana taimaka wa ƙungiyoyin sayayya da sake dubawa na ƙayyadaddun bayanai kuma suna iya samar da takaddun shaida na gwaji tare da kowane jigilar kaya. Hakanan muna samarwakayan aikin ɗaure kebulan inganta shi don yanayin shigarwa na ƙasashen waje, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen kuma amintaccen ɗaurewa koda a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.
Game da Marubucin
Mista Chen
Daraktan Fasaha
Ya ƙware a fannin zaɓar kayan ƙarfe na bakin ƙarfe, aikace-aikacen birgima mai sanyi, da kuma hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki na masana'antu. Tare da ƙwarewa mai yawa a gwajin ƙarfe da tabbatar da inganci, marubucinmu yana jagorantar ƙungiyar fasaha wajen ƙirƙirar hanyoyin haɗa kebul don yanayin ruwa da masana'antu masu wahala.
Kuna buƙatar ɗaure igiyoyin ƙarfe na bakin ƙarfe don aikinku na ruwa?
Muna samar da igiyoyin kebul na bakin karfe masu rufi da ƙarfe 304, 316, da epoxy tare da takardar shaidar gwajin feshi mai gishiri. Tuntuɓi ƙungiyar fasaha don yin bita na musamman game da ƙiyasin farashi da ƙayyadaddun bayanai.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-06-2026
