TL;DR:Masu siyan kayan masarufi a masana'antar ruwa da sinadaraina'urar bakin karfeAna fuskantar shawara akai-akai: biya kuɗin 30-40% na 316L ko kuma a zauna da 304. Wannan rahoton ya kwatanta maki biyu ta amfani da feshin gishiri mai tsaka tsaki (ASTM B117) da bayanan gwajin lalata mai zagaye daga dakin gwaje-gwajenmu a Ningbo Bakin Karfe, tare da bayanan lalata filin daga shigarwar masana'antar bakin teku da sinadarai. Tsarin yanke shawara ya ta'allaka ne akan abubuwa uku masu canzawa: yawan sinadarin chloride, zafin aiki, da tsawon lokacin sabis da ake buƙata.

Dalilin da yasa ba za a iya yanke shawara kan 304 da 316L akan farashi kaɗai ba

A matsayina na Daraktan Fasaha a Ningbo Bakin Karfe, ina yin bitar takamaiman kayan aiki na ɗaruruwan kayayyakina'urar bakin karfe mai sanyioda kowace shekara. Tambayar 304 idan aka kwatanta da 316L ita ce tattaunawa ta fasaha da na fi yi da masu siye. Wani manajan sayayya na wani kamfanin kera kayan aikin ruwa ya taɓa gaya mini, "Mun shafe shekaru goma sha biyar muna amfani da 304. Yana aiki da kyau - ban ga dalilin da ya sa ya kamata mu biya ƙarin kuɗi don 316L ba." Watanni shida bayan haka, kamfaninsa ya maye gurbin rukunin kayan haɗin 304 da aka samar da na'ura mai juyi a kan aikin tace gishiri a bakin teku saboda tsatsa ta haifar da ramuka masu zurfin mm 0.3 bayan ƙasa da shekaru biyu na aiki. Sauya a cikin 316L ya kashe kashi 40% fiye da farko amma bai nuna ko sisi a cikin shekaru uku na aiki ba.

Shawarar da ke tsakanin na'urar ƙarfe mai ƙarfe 304 da 316L ba ta shafi wane mataki ne ya fi "mafi kyau ba." Yana game da daidaita yanayin juriyar tsatsa na kayan da yanayin sabis - da kuma fahimtar tsawon lokacin da kuke buƙatar shigarwa ya daɗe kafin maye gurbin da ya shafi tsatsa ya zama dole. Wannan kwatancen yana ba da bayanan da kuke buƙata don yanke wannan shawara da idanunku a buɗe.

Sinadarin Sinadarai: Bambancin Molybdenum

Babban bambanci tsakanin 304 da 316L shine ƙara molybdenum da gangan 2.0–3.0% a cikin 316L. Molybdenum wani sinadari ne mai daidaita ferrite wanda ke inganta juriya ga tsatsa ta gida sosai - musamman tsatsa da tsatsa a cikin mahalli mai ɗauke da chloride.

Ƙimar PREN ita ce mai bambance lamba ɗaya. PREN na 19 yana nufin 304 ya dace da muhallin da yawan sinadarin chloride ya kai kusan 200 ppm a yanayin zafi na yanayi. 316L tare da PREN na 24–26 ya shimfiɗa wannan iyaka zuwa kimanin 1,000 ppm chlorides. Wannan lambar tana ƙayyade inda za a iya amfani da kowane mataki ba tare da tsatsa mai sauri ba.

Gwajin Fesa Gishiri Mai Tsaka-tsaki (ASTM B117) — Kwatanta Dakin Gwaji

Dakin gwaje-gwajenmu ya gudanar da gwajin feshi mai tsaka-tsaki na sa'o'i 1,000 bisa ga ASTM B117 akan samfuran na'urorin nadi masu sanyi 304 da 316L (ƙarshen 2B, kauri 1.0 mm). Sigogin gwajin: Maganin NaCl 5%, zafin ɗakin 35°C, feshi mai ci gaba. An kimanta sakamakon a tazara ta sa'o'i 100.

A cikin yanayin feshin gishirin da aka sarrafa, 304 ya nuna farkon tsatsa iri ɗaya bayan sa'o'i 300 da kuma ramin da za a iya aunawa bayan sa'o'i 750. 316L ya rayu sa'o'i 1,000 tare da tabo kawai a gefen - babu rami a saman lebur. "Lokacin fara ramin" na 304 ya kasance kimanin sa'o'i 300 idan aka kwatanta da sa'o'i sama da 1,000 na 316L - ci gaba fiye da 3×.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa feshin gishirin ASTM B117 gwaji ne na kwatantawa, ba na hasashen rayuwar sabis ba. Yanayin gaggawa yana samar da sakamako wanda ya yi daidai da - amma ba ya fassara kai tsaye zuwa - aikin filin. Duk da haka, bambancin da ke tsakanin maki biyu abin dogaro ne a alkibla.

Gwajin Tsabtace Keke - Kwaikwayon Muhalli na Teku da Masana'antu

Domin mu iya kwatanta yanayin da ake ciki a zahiri, mun gudanar da gwajin lalata mai zagaye (wanda aka gyara ASTM G85-A5, zagayowar awanni 24: feshin gishiri na awanni 2 + awanni 22 95% RH a 35°C) sama da zagaye 500 akan matakai biyu tare da yanayin da aka niƙa wanda ke kwaikwayon sassan da aka sarrafa da coil. Sakamakon ya fi dacewa kai tsaye ga yanayin tsirrai na ruwa da sinadarai:

• Na'urar 304:Ana fara fitar da ruwa a zagaye 120, ana mai da hankali a gefunan da aka yanke. Matsakaicin girman ramin ya kai mm 0.008 a kowace zagaye tsakanin zagaye 120-300, yana raguwa zuwa mm 0.003 a kowace zagaye bayan zagaye 300 (an iyakance shi da rarrabuwar anodic). Bayan zagaye 500, matsakaicin zurfin ramin ya kai mm 0.28, tare da ramuka 15-20 a kowace santimita 100 sama da zurfin mm 0.1.
• Na'urar 316L:Fara ramin farko a zagaye 380 - kuma a gefuna da aka yanke amma ba a saman na'urar ba. Matsakaicin girman ramin ya kai mm 0.002 a kowace zagaye. Bayan zagaye 500, matsakaicin zurfin ramin ya kai mm 0.06, tare da ƙasa da ramuka 3 a kowace santimita 100 sama da zurfin mm 0.05.

Bayanan gwajin zagaye sun tabbatar da cewa babban bambanci tsakanin 304 da 316L yana cikin lokacin fara ramin. 316L yana jinkirta fara ramin da kusan 3× idan aka kwatanta da 304. Don shigar ruwa da ake sa ran zai ɗauki shekaru 10, 304 zai fara nuna tsatsa a gefunan da aka yanke cikin shekaru 2-3, yayin da 316L ba zai shafe shekaru 8-10 ba kafin ƙaramin ramin gefen ya bayyana.

Waɗannan binciken sun yi daidai da binciken da aka buga a fagen da aka yi kan tsatsa ta bakin ƙarfe a cikin muhallin masana'antu da ruwa. Bincike mai zaman kansa da aka kwatanta 304 da 316L da aka fallasa ga yanayin masana'antu-ruwa-birane ya tabbatar da cewa 316L sun nunayana da matuƙar kyau a cikin yanayin chloride saboda yawan sinadarin molybdenumGa masu siye waɗanda ba za su iya gudanar da gwaje-gwajen lalata na kansu ba, waɗannan kwatancen da aka buga daga masana'antar ƙarfe suna ba da tushen tushe mai inganci.

Bugu da ƙari, tasirin gefen da aka yanke da aka lura a gwajinmu - inda ramin ya fara yawanci a gefunan da aka niƙa ko aka yanke - yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci ga masu siyan nailan. Nailan da aka yanke zuwa faɗi a cikin kayan aikin mai rarrabawa yana ƙirƙirar sabbin gefunan da aka yanke a ɓangarorin biyu na kowane tsiri. Waɗannan gefunan ba su da fim ɗin kariya na chromium oxide wanda ke wanzuwa akan saman nailan da aka birgima don haka suna wakiltar mafi rauni a cikin sarkar lalata. Lokacin ƙayyade nailan don aikace-aikacen ruwa ko sinadarai, ina ba da shawarar neman yanayin gefen nailan (inda zai yiwu) ko ƙayyade maganin gefen nailan - nitric acid ko citric acid passivation bisa ga ASTM A967 - a matsayin matakin bayan yankewa.

Ƙarfin Fitar da Wutar Lantarki - Ma'aunin Lantarki

Dakin gwaje-gwajenmu ya yi gwajin potentiodynamic polarization scans (ASTM G61) a kan dukkan maki biyu a cikin maganin NaCl na 3.5% (kimanin gishirin ruwan teku) a 25°C da 50°C. Ƙarfin rami (Epit) shine ƙarfin lantarki wanda fim ɗin da ba ya aiki ya lalace kuma girman ramin ya fara daidai - ƙimar da ta fi girma tana nuna juriya mafi kyau.

Zafin zafin rami mai mahimmanci (CPT) wani mataki ne mai amfani: ƙasa da wannan zafin, fim ɗin da ba ya aiki yana nan lafiya ko da a cikin yanayin chloride. A samansa, ramin rami yana farawa ba zato ba tsammani. 304 yana da CPT na kimanin 35°C a cikin ruwan teku - ma'ana yana cikin haɗari a duk wani aikace-aikacen ruwa inda saman kayan ya wuce 35°C (misali, hasken rana kai tsaye a bakin teku akan sassan na'urar sirara). 316L tare da CPT na 55°C yana rufe kusan duk aikace-aikacen ruwa na yanayi-zafin yanayi ba tare da haɗarin rami ba.

Kayayyakin Inji — Ƙarfin Tauri da Tsarinsa

Dukansu 304 da 316L suna samuwa a cikin yanayin zafi iri ɗaya (an rufe su har zuwa cikakken tauri), kuma bambance-bambancen injina ƙanana ne.Jerin samfuran coil da aka nunaya haɗa da maki biyu a cikin kauri daga 0.3 mm zuwa 4.0 mm, tare da kammala saman 2B, BA, No. 4, da HL. Don yanayin zafi iri ɗaya a cikin siffar coil mai sanyi:

316L yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfin samar da iska a yanayin da aka yi amfani da shi saboda ƙarancin sinadarin carbon, amma bambancin ba shi da yawa a cikin sarrafa na'urar. Duka biyun suna yin, lanƙwasa, tambari, da walda iri ɗaya. Shawarar injiniyanci tsakanin su ba ta taɓa zama abin da ke haifar da hakan ba - yanayin tsatsa yana ƙayyade zaɓin. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar takamaiman matakan zafi a cikin nau'in na'urar, duka 304 da 316L suna samuwa a cikin yanayi iri ɗaya - annealed, 1/4H, 1/2H, da cikakken tauri - daga layin samarwarmu. Saboda haka, mai siye da ke zaɓar tsakanin maki biyu zai iya ƙayyade yanayin iri ɗaya don kowane abu ba tare da damuwar mallakar injin ba.

Ma'aunin masana'antu kamarKwatancen 304 vs 316 daga manyan cibiyoyin sabis na ƙarfeA koyaushe yana nuna wannan ƙarshe: idan amfani da shi ya shafi ruwan gishiri, sarrafa sinadarai, ko fallasa shi ga bakin teku a waje, 316L shine ƙayyadaddun bayanai da suka dace duk da hauhawar farashinsa na farko.

Binciken Bambancin Farashi — Shin Farashin 316L Ya Dace Da Shi?

Bambancin farashi tsakanin na'urar 304 da 316L mai sanyi tana canzawa tare da farashin nickel da molybdenum. Tun daga tsakiyar 2026, bisa ga farashin FOB Ningbo na Grade 304 da 316L a cikin gama 2B, kauri 1.0–3.0 mm, a cikin faɗin na'urar 2B na yau da kullun:

• Na'urar 304 (2B, mai naɗewa da sanyi):$2,800–$3,200 a kowace tan na metric
• Na'urar 316L (2B, mai sanyi):$3,800–$4,400 a kowace tan na metric
• Kyauta:Kashi 35–40% sama da 304

Dole ne a kimanta wannan ƙimar da farashin maye gurbin da ya shafi tsatsa. Dangane da tattaunawarmu da abokan cinikin masana'antar ruwa da sinadarai, tsarin maye gurbin da ya shafi tsatsa ya haɗa da:

• Kudin kayan aiki:Na'urar maye gurbin a farashin kasuwa na yanzu (sau da yawa tana da kashi 15-25% sama da siyan asali saboda alamar lokacin jagora)
• Kudin ƙera:Yanke, ƙirƙira, walda, da kuma kammala saman sassan maye gurbin - yawanci kashi 50-100% na farashin asali na ƙera
• Lokacin dakatarwar shigarwa:Ga bututun masana'antar sinadarai ko sassan ginin ruwa, lokacin dakatar da samarwa yayin maye gurbin shine mafi girman farashi - galibi 2-5× farashin kayan da aka haɗa da farashin ƙera
• Hadarin garanti:Tsawaita alhaki idan tsatsa ta haifar da gazawar shigarwar abokin ciniki da wuri

Lissafi mai sauƙi na farashin zagayowar rayuwa ga ɓangaren ginin ruwa: tan 5 na na'urar 2.0 mm 304 tana kashe $15,000. Tsawon lokacin sabis da ake tsammani a yanayin bakin teku: shekaru 4-6 kafin a iya ganin ramin yana buƙatar maye gurbinsa. Na'urar 316L don wannan aikace-aikacen tana kashe $21,000 (ƙimar 40%). Tsawon lokacin sabis da ake tsammani kafin a fara ramin: shekaru 12-15. Tsawon shekaru 15, zaɓin 304 yana buƙatar maye gurbin 2-3, jimillar kuɗin kayan aiki $30,000–$45,000 tare da aikin shigarwa. Zaɓin 316L yana buƙatar siye ɗaya akan $21,000 kuma babu maye gurbinsa. A cikin buƙatar shekaru 10+ na sabis, 316L ya fi araha.

Tsarin Shawara: Lokacin da za a ƙayyade Coil 304 vs 316L

Kammalawa

Zaɓar da ke tsakanin na'urar ƙarfe mai bakin ƙarfe 304 da 316L don aikace-aikacen masana'antar ruwa da sinadarai an bayyana ta da abubuwa uku masu canzawa: yawan sinadarin chloride, zafin aiki dangane da CPT, da tsawon lokacin sabis ɗin da ake buƙata. 304 ya isa ga yanayin cikin gida, ƙarancin sinadarin chloride, da yanayin zafi mai matsakaici inda maye gurbin zai yiwu cikin shekaru 5-8. 316L wajibi ne ga duk wani aikace-aikacen da ya shafi fallasa ruwan gishiri kai tsaye, kwararar tsarin chloride sama da 200 ppm a yanayin zafi mai yawa, ko buƙatun rayuwar sabis sama da shekaru 10 a yanayin bakin teku. An dawo da ƙimar kuɗin 35-40% don 316L a zagayen maye gurbin farko da aka guji.Ningbo Bakin Karfe, muna samar da dukkan maki tare da cikakken bin diddigin injina, takardar shaidar sinadarai da na inji, da kuma bayanan gwajin tsatsa idan an buƙata. Don farashin yanzu da wadatar hannun jari aNa'urar ƙarfe mai bakin ƙarfe 304 da 316L, tuntuɓi ƙungiyar tallace-tallace tamu don ƙarin bayani game da takamaiman faɗinku, kauri, da buƙatun kammala saman.

Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi

Menene babban bambanci tsakanin na'urar ƙarfe mai bakin ƙarfe 304 da 316L?

316L ya ƙunshi 2.0–3.0% molybdenum, wanda 304 ba shi da shi. Molybdenum yana inganta juriya ga tsatsa da tsatsa a cikin mahalli na chloride sosai. Wannan yana ba 316L PREN (Lambar Daidaitawar Juriya ta Pitting) na ~24–26 idan aka kwatanta da ~19 ga 304.

Nawa ne ƙarin farashin 316L idan aka kwatanta da 304?

Ya zuwa tsakiyar shekarar 2026, na'urar 316L mai sanyi tana ɗauke da ƙimar farashi mai kyau na 35–40% fiye da 304 a kasuwar fitar da kayayyaki ta China. Bambancin da ke tsakanin farashin kayayyaki na nickel da molybdenum yana canzawa. Don dalilai na kasafin kuɗi, a yi tsammanin $3,800–$4,400 a kowace tan na metric don 316L idan aka kwatanta da $2,800–$3,200 ga 304.

Za a iya haɗa 316L kamar yadda ake haɗa 304?

Eh — dukkan nau'ikan ƙarfen bakin ƙarfe masu austenitic ne masu matuƙar sauƙin walda ta amfani da hanyoyin walda na TIG, MIG, ko juriya. Ƙananan sinadarin carbon na 316L (0.030% mafi girma) yana ba shi fa'ida: yana da juriya ga jijiyoyi (hauhawar chromium carbide a iyakokin hatsi) a yankin da zafi ya shafa yayin walda, wanda ke nufin yana kiyaye juriyar tsatsa bayan walda ba tare da buƙatar annealing na maganin bayan walda ba.

Shin 316L ya fi 304 kyau a amfani da shi a cikin ruwa?

Eh, ga duk wani abu mai tsari ko mai ɗauke da kaya da ke hulɗa kai tsaye da ruwan teku ko feshi na ruwa. 304 a cikin yanayin ruwa zai fara yin ramuka cikin shekaru 2-4 a gefuna da wuraren walda. 316L yana ƙara fara yin ramuka zuwa shekaru 8-12. Don amfani a sama da yankin feshi (misali, mita 50+ a cikin ƙasa daga bakin teku), 304 na iya isa idan ana iya kula da saman kuma a duba shi lokaci-lokaci.

Shin ƙarshen saman yana shafar juriyar tsatsa na na'urar 304 da 316L?

Eh — gama saman da ya yi santsi (2B, No. 4, ko BA) yana ba da juriya ga tsatsa fiye da saman da ya yi kauri (Lambar 1 mai zafi, ko kuma mai tsami) saboda akwai ƙarancin wuraren nucleation don fara rami. Duk da haka, bambancin da ke tsakanin 304 da 316L ya kasance iri ɗaya ba tare da la'akari da gamawa ba: 316L a gamawa na 2B har yanzu ya fi 304 a gamawa na 2B ta gefe ɗaya.

Menene mahimmin zafin da ke tsakanin 304 da 316L?

A cikin maganin NaCl na 3.5% (wanda ke kwaikwayon ruwan teku), 304 yana da zafin jiki mai mahimmanci (CPT) na kimanin 35°C, yayin da 316L yana da CPT na kimanin 55°C. Wannan yana nufin ana iya amfani da 316L lafiya a cikin ruwan teku a yanayin zafi har zuwa 55°C kafin a fara ramin ba zato ba tsammani, yayin da 304 ya riga ya shiga yankin haɗarin ramin sama da 35°C.

Zan iya amfani da na'urar 304 don aikace-aikacen masana'antar sinadarai?

Eh — amma a cikin muhallin da ba na chloride ba ne kawai. Ana amfani da 304 sosai a cikin bututun sinadarai na masana'antu, tasoshin jini, da sassan tsarin sinadari don sinadarin sulfuric (har zuwa 50%), nitric acid, da sinadarai na halitta. Ga duk wani kwararar tsari da ke ɗauke da chlorides — har ma da adadin da ya wuce 50 ppm — 316L shine mafi ƙarancin ƙayyadaddun bayanai.

Mr. Chen ne ya rubuta — Daraktan Fasaha a Ningbo Stainless Steel Co., Ltd. Ƙwararren zaɓi na kayan ƙarfe na bakin ƙarfe, aikace-aikacen birgima na sanyi, da kuma hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki na masana'antu. Haɗa:Instagram | Facebook