Bakin ƙarfe na Duplex 2205 ya zama ƙayyadadden tsari na aiki don tasoshin matsi na sarrafa sinadarai, harsashin musayar zafi, da bututun sarrafawa waɗanda ke kula da muhalli masu wadataccen chloride, tsaka-tsakin acid na sulfuric, da kuma samar da ruwa daga ayyukan mai da iskar gas. Matsayin ya haɗa matakan austenitic da ferritic a daidai gwargwado, yana samar da kusan ninki biyu na ƙarfin fitarwa na ma'aunin austenitic 304L/316L yayin da yake kiyaye juriyar tsatsa da ramuka mafi girma fiye da na bakin austenitic na yau da kullun. Wow Bakin ƙarfe yana samar da faranti, takarda, sandar ƙarfe, da bututun walda na duplex 2205 ga kamfanonin injiniyan sinadarai a faɗin Tekun Gulf na Amurka, yankunan sarrafa yashi mai na Kanada, da hanyoyin man fetur na Mexico. Aikace-aikacen da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da bututun ciyar da reactor, tsarin ruwa mai ɗauke da chloride, da abubuwan gina jiki a cikin masu shaƙar FGD (ruwa mai lalata iskar gas) waɗanda ke ba da wutar lantarki ta kwal. Karɓar ƙarfe mai matakai biyu da kuma karɓuwar lambar ASME sun haifar da karɓuwa a cikin ƙirar masana'antar sarrafa sinadarai tun daga 2018, lokacin da Sashe na VIII na Lambar ASME B&PV ya sabunta kayan duplex da aka amince da su bisa hukuma tare da cikakkun buƙatun cancantar tsarin ƙera.

Dalilin da yasa Duplex 2205 ya maye gurbin 316L a cikin Muhalli na Tsarin Haɗa Chloride

Duplex 2205 yana samar da kusan ninki biyu na ƙarfin samar da ruwa na bakin ƙarfe 316L (450 MPa da 220 MPa mafi ƙarancin yawan amfanin ƙasa), wanda ke ba da damar ƙirar tasoshin matsin lamba na bango mai sirara waɗanda ke rage nauyi da farashi. Tsarin micro-phase biyu yana ba da juriya ga tsatsa da tsatsa mai kyau, tare da PREN (adadi daidai da juriyar rami) na 35 idan aka kwatanta da 25 ga 316L. Don yawan chloride sama da 1,000 ppm da yanayin zafi sama da 60°C, duplex 2205 yana ci gaba da aiki inda 316L ke fuskantar gazawar ramuka da tsatsa cikin watanni.

Amfanin mallakar injina na duplex 2205 yana tallafawa rage nauyin kayan aiki a cikin ƙirar tasoshin matsin lamba, tare da hanyoyin da suka dace da bango mai sirara suna rage nauyin tasoshin da kashi 30-40% idan aka kwatanta da daidai gwargwado na lita 316 a daidai gwargwado na matsin lamba. Ga manyan injinan sarrafa sinadarai da tankunan ajiya, rage nauyi yana fassara kai tsaye zuwa rage nauyin tushe, sauƙaƙe jigilar kayayyaki, da ƙarancin farashin gina wurin. Tallafin tambarin lambar ASME Sashe na VIII yana ba da damar ƙirar duplex 2205 ba tare da amincewar injiniya na musamman ba, yana sauƙaƙe ayyukan aikin injiniya na aiki.

Ga yanayin aikin da ke ɗauke da chloride, duplex 2205 sau da yawa shine kawai takamaiman ƙarfe mai amfani wanda ke tsira daga shekaru 10-20 na tsawon sabis a yanayin zafi sama da 60°C. Madadin 316L suna fuskantar tsagewar datti na chloride a cikin shekaru 2-5 a cikin yanayi da yawa na aikin sinadarai, wanda ke haifar da rufewa ba tare da shiri ba da kuma kamfen ɗin maye gurbin mai tsada. Fa'idar farashin zagayowar rayuwa ta duplex 2205 ta fi bayyana a cikin aikace-aikacen da ke da wadataccen chloride inda farashin maye gurbin da tasirin asarar samarwa na rufewa ba tare da shiri ba ke mamaye lissafin tattalin arziki na zagayowar rayuwa. Ana samun kayan aiki kan bin ƙa'idodin ASME don tasoshin matsin lamba na bakin karfe ta hanyar BSI a https://www.bsigroup.com/.

Hanyoyin Ƙirƙira Waɗanda Ke Kiyaye Daidaiton Ƙarfe Duplex

Ƙirƙirar Duplex 2205 tana buƙatar sarrafa shigarwar zafi da kuma sarrafa zafin interpass don kiyaye daidaiton yanayin austenite-ferrite na kimanin 50-50. Shigar da zafi mai yawa ko tsawaita lokaci a 300-900°C yana samar da ruwan sama na sigma wanda ke lalata ƙarfe. Wow Stainless yana ƙayyade walda GTAW da GMAW tare da matsakaicin zafin interpass na 150°C, shigarwar zafi mai iyaka zuwa 1.0 kJ/mm, da kuma annealing na bayan walda a 1050-1100°C ga sassa masu nauyi. Ana amfani da sassan da aka haɗa a cikin ma'aunin haske ba tare da maganin zafi bayan walda ba muddin cancantar tsarin walda ta tabbatar da daidaiton matakin da aka yarda da shi.

Cancantar tsarin walda bisa ga Sashe na IX na ASME wajibi ne don ƙera tasoshin matsin lamba na duplex 2205, tare da bayanan ƙayyadaddun hanyoyin walda (WPSRs) waɗanda ke nuna zaɓin ƙarfe mai cikawa, tsarin garkuwar iskar gas, auna zafin jiki tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, da kuma sakamakon ferrite bisa ga hanyar auna ASTM A240. Wow Stainless yana kula da WPSRs da aka riga aka cancanta don mafi yawan saitunan walda na duplex 2205 waɗanda suka haɗa da farantin haɗin gwiwa na butt-haɗi, bututu-zuwa-bututu, bututu-zuwa-da-fitarwa, da geometry na haɗin reshe, yana tallafawa haɓaka aikin injiniya ba tare da haɓaka WPSR na kowane aiki ba.

Yankewa, ƙirƙirawa, da kuma sarrafa duplex 2205 yana bin ƙa'idodin ƙarfe na yau da kullun tare da mai da hankali kan la'akari da lalacewar kayan aiki. Yawan taurarewa na duplex 2205 ya wuce 316L da kusan 30%, wanda ke buƙatar rage saurin yankewa da ƙaruwar taurin kayan aiki don ayyukan injin. Wow Stainless yana buga jagororin sigogin injin ga abokan ciniki da ke yin ƙera na biyu, gami da shawarar saurin yankewa, ƙimar ciyarwa, da ƙayyadaddun kayan kayan aiki don haƙa, taɓawa, niƙa, da kuma aikin juyawa akan samfuran farantin, sandar, da bututu na duplex 2205.

Tashar Matsi da Aikace-aikacen Bututun Ruwa a Tsarin Sinadarai

Duplex 2205 a cikin cibiyoyin sarrafa sinadarai na Arewacin Amurka yana ba da bututun ciyar da reactor mai ɗauke da chloride, sarrafa matsakaiciyar acid sulfuric, abubuwan ciki na sharar FGD a cikin samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar kwal, da kuma samar da tsarin ruwa a cikin ayyukan mai da iskar gas. Tambarin ASME B&PV Code Sashe na VIII don gina tasoshin matsin lamba ta amfani da kayan duplex sun kasance suna aiki tun daga 2018, suna tallafawa ƙayyadaddun tsarin injiniyan masana'antu. Ƙungiyoyin injiniya na Worley, Fluor, Bechtel, da Jacobs akai-akai suna ƙayyade duplex 2205 a cikin gine-ginen masana'antar sinadarai a duk faɗin ayyukan Tekun Gulf na Amurka.

Na'urorin shigar da wutar lantarki na ciki, ciki har da demisters, tires, da feshi a cikin samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da kwal, suna wakiltar amfani mai yawa ga faranti da zanen duplex 2205. Yanayin slurry mai ɗauke da chloride a cikin na'urorin shigar da wutar lantarki na FGD yana haifar da tsatsa mai sauri na ƙarfen carbon da madadin 316L, tare da gazawar ramin da aka saba gani cikin watanni 18-36 na aiki. Na'urar shigar da wutar lantarki ta Duplex 2205 tana tsawaita rayuwar sabis zuwa shekaru 15-25 tsakanin katsewar da aka tsara, wanda hakan ke rage farashin maye gurbin da tasirin kudaden shiga da aka rasa yayin katsewar wutar lantarki. Kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki na EPC, ciki har da Sargent & Lundy, Burns & McDonnell, da Black & Veatch, suna ƙayyade duplex 2205 akai-akai don sabbin ayyukan ginawa da maye gurbin na'urorin shigar da wutar lantarki na FGD.

Gudanar da ruwa da aka samar a ayyukan mai da iskar gas, musamman magudanan ruwa masu narkewa (TDS) daga Permian Basin, Bakken, da sarrafa yashi mai-yashi na Kanada, suna gabatar da ƙalubalen lalata waɗanda suka yi daidai da ƙarfin duplex 2205. Haɗin chlorides a 50,000-200,000 ppm, CO2 da aka narkar, da yanayin zafi na aiki na 60-90°C yana samar da ƙimar tsatsa a cikin ƙarfen carbon na 1-5 mm/shekara, tare da an lura da tsatsa mai ƙarfi a cikin kayan aikin 316L cikin shekaru 3-5. Duplex 2205 yana rage ƙimar tsatsa zuwa ƙasa da 0.1 mm/shekara kuma yana kawar da damuwar SCC, yana tallafawa manufofin shekaru 20-30 na ayyukan sarrafa ruwa da aka samar. Ana nuna takaddun bin ƙa'idodin NACE MR0175 ta hanyar BSI a https://www.bsigroup.com/.

Takardun Gwajin Injin da Ka'idojin ASME da ASTM ke buƙata

Wow Stainless yana ba da takaddun gwajin injina bisa ga ma'aunin EN 10204 3.1, tare da bin diddigin kowane faranti, takarda, bututu, ko sanda zuwa takamaiman yanayin zafi da samfurin. Takardu sun haɗa da abubuwan da ke cikin sinadarai bisa ga ASTM A240, kaddarorin injiniya bisa ga ASTM A370 gami da ƙarfin samarwa, ƙarfin tauri, tsawo, da tauri, da gwajin tsatsa bisa ga ma'aunin ASTM A923 don gano matakan ƙarfe masu illa a cikin kayan duplex. Ana adana takaddun gwaji ta hanyar dijital don riƙewa na shekaru 10 bisa ga buƙatun takaddun ASME.

Gwajin ASTM A923 yana da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen tabbatar da ingancin samfuran injin niƙa mai lamba 2205 don gano lokacin sigma ko hazo na yanayin chi wanda zai iya faruwa yayin da ba a yi amfani da shi yadda ya kamata ba a injin niƙa. Hanyar ASTM A923 A (gwajin etch) da Hanyar B (gwajin tasiri) suna gano hazo na lokaci wanda, idan akwai, ke haifar da rashin ƙarfi a cikin aiki. Wow Stainless yana yin gwajin ASTM A923 akan kowane wurin zafi na injin niƙa mai lamba 2205 kafin a sake shi, tare da takaddun shaida da aka bayar akan kowace takardar shaidar injin niƙa a matsayin shaidar bin ƙa'ida.

Don aikace-aikacen jiragen ruwa masu matsin lamba waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙera tambarin ASME, Wow Stainless zai iya bayar da kayan takaddun shaida biyu tare da tambarin ASME na Amurka da tambarin umarnin kayan aikin matsin lamba na CE/PED na Turai akan takardar shaidar injinan iri ɗaya. Wannan takardar shaidar biyu tana tallafawa masu ƙera waɗanda ke hidimar bututun ayyukan Arewacin Amurka da Turai ba tare da hanyoyin samo kayan aiki daban-daban da takaddun shaida ba. Takaddun shaidar gwajin injinan ana sanya hannu ne ta wakilin inganci mai izini wanda za a iya tabbatar da sahihancin sa ta hanyar rajistar yanar gizo ta hukumar da ke ba da takardar shaida don cikakken bin tsarin tsare-tsare na tsare-tsare.

La'akari da Tsarin Samar da Kayayyaki don Jadawalin Ayyukan Arewacin Amurka

Lokacin da aka ɗauka daga amincewa da oda zuwa Tekun Tekun Amurka ko inda ake zuwa Kanada ya kama daga makonni 14-20 don kauri na farantin (3-50mm) da jadawalin bututun da aka saba amfani da su, tare da tsawon lokacin da aka ɗauka don kayan haɗin bututu na musamman, manyan faranti, ko ƙananan oda ƙasa da mafi ƙarancin adadin injin niƙa. Wow Stainless yana kula da tan 300-500 na farantin duplex 2205 a cibiyar Wenzhou don jigilar oda cikin sauri zuwa wuraren ayyukan Arewacin Amurka, tare da haɗin gwiwar jigilar kayayyaki yana tallafawa jigilar kayayyaki na FCL da LCL ta tashar jiragen ruwa ta Shanghai da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Ningbo.

Tsarin siyan aikin ya kamata ya yi la'akari da mafi ƙarancin lokacin jagoranci na makonni 12-16 don kauri na farantin da aka keɓance, girman manyan faranti ya wuce matsayin injin niƙa (yawanci faɗin mita 2.5-3.0 da tsawon mita 6-12), da kuma umarnin bututu waɗanda ke buƙatar maganin zafi na musamman ko duba wani ɓangare na uku. Shiga Wow Bakin ƙarfe a matakin injiniyan aiki na ra'ayi ko na asali don kulle wuraren ajiya kafin a rufe tagogi na injin niƙa da kuma lokacin gyaran zafi a lokacin aiki na makonni 18-22.

Don hanzarta buƙatun aikin Arewacin Amurka, Wow Stainless yana kula da haɗin gwiwar kaya na Tekun Gulf na Amurka tare da mai rarrabawa da ke Houston wanda ke da tan 30-50 na farantin duplex 2205 da bututu a cikin girman da aka saba. Wannan kaya na Houston yana tallafawa jigilar kaya na makonni 2-4 zuwa kamfanonin injiniyan sinadarai da masu ƙera jiragen ruwa don gyara gaggawa da ƙananan buƙatun aikin. Kayayyakin Houston suna ɗauke da takaddun shaida na gwajin injina masu dacewa kuma suna tallafawa takaddun inganci na ƙera don bin ƙa'idodin binciken injiniyan aiki.

Don neman tambayoyi game da siye akan farantin duplex 2205, takardar, sandar ƙarfe, da bututun walda don tashar sarrafa sinadarai ta Arewacin Amurka da aikace-aikacen bututun mai, ƙungiyar fitar da kayayyaki ta Wow Stainless tana ba da shawarwari kan takamaiman bayanai, tallafin ƙididdigewa, da kuma daidaita dabaru. Ana samun samfuran takardar shaidar gwajin injin da takaddun bin ƙa'idodin ASTM A240 aShafin samfuran Bakin Wow.