TL;DR:Zaɓar yanayin da ya dace donbakin karfe mai naɗewa da sanyiita ce hanya mafi tasiri wajen tantance daidaiton tambari. Wannan jagorar ta kwatanta yanayin 1/4H (kwata-tauri), 1/2H (rabin-tauri), da Full Hard (FH) a fadin girma biyar masu dacewa da aikace-aikace - tsari, springback, ingancin gefen, tsawon lokacin gajiya, da farashi - ta amfani da bayanan tensile, sakamakon gwajin lanƙwasa daga masana'antarmu a Ningbo Stainless Steel, da kuma ra'ayoyin filin daga shagunan tambari a fadin masana'antar kera motoci, masu haɗawa, da kuma masana'antar bazara.

Dalilin da yasa Taurin Kai shine Sigar Bayani ta Farko don Tsarin Daidaitawa

A cikin shekaru 15 da na yi ina gudanar da harkokin fasaha a Ningbo Stainless Steel Co., Ltd., korafin da na fi fuskanta game da inganci ba game da tsarin ma'auni ba ne - yana da alaƙa da tauri. A matsayina na mai samar da kayayyakikayayyakin bakin karfe masu sanyi, Ina yin bitar matsalolin ingancin da suka shafi yanayin zafi a kowane mako. Shagon buga takardu yana ba da odar "304 bakin karfe" amma bai ƙayyade yanayin zafi ba. Masana'antar tana jigilar kayan da aka yi wa annealed (mai laushi). Kayan buga takardu suna samar da burrs. Aikin lanƙwasawa yana haifar da yanayin bazara mara kyau. Sassan sun gaza QC. Zargin ya rataya a kan mai samar da kayan, amma tushen dalilin shine rashin bayanin yanayin zafi a cikin takardar siyan.

Ana samun tsiri mai bakin ƙarfe mai sanyi a cikin matakan zafi da aka ƙayyade ta hanyar ƙa'idodin ASTM A240 da JIS G4305, tare da tauri daga mai laushi mai laushi (yawanci 80-90 HRB ko 150-180 HV) zuwa cikakken tauri (yawanci 30-38 HRC ko 350-400 HV). Ana samun yanayin zafi ta hanyar sarrafa kashi na rage birgima da kuma zagayen ƙarshe na birgima. Don aikace-aikacen tambari daidai, yanayi uku da aka fi ƙayyadewa sune 1/4H, 1/2H, da Full Hard (FH). Kowannensu yana da takamaiman matsayi akan lanƙwasa mai tsari-da-ƙarfi, kuma zaɓar wanda ba daidai ba yana kashe kuɗi a cikin sassan da aka ƙi, lalacewar kayan aiki, ko tsadar kayan aiki.

Wannan jagorar ta gabatar da dabarun zaɓi da nake amfani da su wajen ba da shawara ga injiniyoyin sayayya. An tsara shi ne a kan girma biyar waɗanda ke nuna kai tsaye ga sakamakon samarwa.

Kwatanta Taurin Kai da Kayan Inji

Teburin da ke ƙasa ya taƙaita halayen injina na yau da kullun na tsiri na bakin ƙarfe 304 a kowane yanayi, bisa ga ƙimar iyaka ta ASTM A240 da gwajin juriya na cikin gida daga layin samarwarmu:

Babban bambancin yana bayyane a cikin ginshiƙai uku: yayin da tauri ke ƙaruwa, ƙarfin juriya da yawan aiki suna ƙaruwa, amma tsayi - don haka siffa - yana raguwa sosai. Zaɓin yanayin da ya dace yana nufin gano wurin da ake biyan buƙatun siffa na ɓangaren ba tare da biyan ƙarin ƙarfi ko wahala daga rashin isasshen siffa ba.samfuran bakin karfe masu fasalirufe cikakken taurin bakan daga annealed zuwa FH, kuma ina ba masu siye shawara akai-akai da su gwada samfurin coil a layin samarwarsu kafin su yi alƙawarin ƙara yawan amfani.

Girman Aikace-aikace na 1: Tsarin tsari — Zane mai zurfi, lanƙwasawa, da kuma lanƙwasawa

Bukatar tsari ita ce mafi girman ma'aunin da ke hana mutum yin zaɓi a yanayin zafi. Idan aikin tambarin ya ƙunshi zane mai zurfi (rabo daga > 1.8), tsari mai rikitarwa mai matakai da yawa, ko kuma lanƙwasa mai ƙarfi a ƙasa da kauri abu na 1.5×, zaɓin yanayin zafi ana tilasta shi zuwa ƙarshen ma'aunin tauri.

1/4H — An fi so don samar da matsakaicin tsari.Tare da tsawaitawa ta 25-40% da kuma ikon lanƙwasawa ta 180° a kan kanta ba tare da fashewa ba (radius na lanƙwasa 0t), 1/4H shine zaɓin tsoho don sassan da aka tambari waɗanda suka haɗu da buƙatun ƙarfi. Aikace-aikacen yau da kullun sun haɗa da: sassan maƙallan mota tare da matakan lanƙwasa da yawa, bangarorin kewaye na lantarki tare da gefuna masu lanƙwasa, da sassan kayan aikin da ke buƙatar kyakkyawan kamanni bayan an yi su.

1/2 H — Ya dace da samar da ƙaramin abu mai ƙarfi sosai.Tsawaitawar kashi 10-20% yana ba da damar lanƙwasawa a kusurwar 90° a radius na 1t da kuma samar da flange matsakaici. Ƙarfin da ya fi girma yana nufin ɓangaren da aka samar yana riƙe siffarsa da kyau bayan an fitar da shi daga mayafin. Aikace-aikacen gama gari: maɓallan maɓuɓɓuga, tashoshin tuntuɓar masu haɗawa, da kuma sandunan tuntuɓar baturi inda lanƙwasa matsakaici ke biyo bayan aikin roba.

Cikakken Tauri — Ba a iya ƙirƙirarsa ba; ana amfani da shi don ayyukan da ba su da ma'ana da kuma naushi.Idan tsayin da aka yi ƙasa da kashi 6%, ba za a iya lanƙwasa ko zana kayan FH ba tare da fashewa ba. An ƙayyade shi don sassan da ake samarwa ta hanyar naushi, gogewa, ko yankewa kawai - babu matakin yin tsari. Misalan: blanks na ruwan wukake, ruwan wukake na scraper, shim stock, da abubuwan spring masu faɗi waɗanda aka siffanta ta hanyar buga daga wani lebur ba tare da lanƙwasawa ba daga baya.

Daga mahangar siyan kaya, idan zanen kayanka ya haɗa da kowace radius mai lanƙwasa da ta fi ƙasa da 3t, Full Hard ba zaɓi bane. Idan ya haɗa da lanƙwasa a 1.5t ko ƙasa da haka, 1/4H shine zaɓi mafi aminci. Sai lokacin da lanƙwasa suka kai 2t ko sama da haka kuma ɓangaren yana buƙatar tauri mai ɗaukar kaya idan kun yi la'akari da 1/2H. Masu samar da tsiri na masana'antu kamar suinjinan niƙa na musamman na musammansuna ba da irin wannan dabarar zaɓin yanayi a cikin takardun fasaha, suna tabbatar da cewa 1/4H shine wurin farawa mafi yawan da aka ba da shawarar ga masu siyan tambarin daidaito na farko.

Girman Aikace-aikacen 2: Biyan Kuɗin Springback da Kwanciyar Hankali

Springback shine dawo da kayan da aka yi da roba bayan an saki nauyin tambari. Yanayin taurin kai mai girma yana da ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa, wanda ke nufin ƙarin lokacin bazara - da ƙarin diyya da ake buƙata a cikin ƙirar mutu.

Ƙungiyar samar da kayayyaki tamu ta gudanar da gwajin springback mai sarrafawa ta amfani da tsiri mai kauri 304 mai kauri 0.5 mm a yanayin zafi uku, wanda aka lanƙwasa zuwa kusurwar 90° a cikin V-die tare da radius na bugun 2mm:

Don daidaita matsewa inda haƙurin girma ya kai ±0.1 mm akan fasalin da aka ƙera, kayan 1/4H na iya cimma burin ba tare da wasu ayyuka na biyu ba. 1/2H yana buƙatar ko dai diyya mai yawa a cikin matsewa ko matakin haɗuwa a ƙasan bugun.Jagororin fasaha don siyan tsiri na bakin karfeAna ba da shawarar a tabbatar da yanayin bazara a kan kayan aikin samarwa na ainihi kafin a kammala ƙayyadaddun yanayin zafi, saboda yanayin ƙasa da man shafawa duk suna shafar girman bazara ba tare da la'akari da taurin kayan ba. Cikakken Hard ba shi da amfani sosai ga kowane fasalin lanƙwasa a cikin daidaiton stamping - bazara ya yi girma sosai kuma yana da canzawa sosai don daidaitaccen iko na girma.

Ina ba da shawara ga injiniyoyin sayayya su isar da buƙatar springback ga mai ƙira kafin su kammala takamaiman yanayin zafi. Idan an riga an gina injin don takamaiman yanayin zafi kuma kun yi ƙoƙarin maye gurbin kayan da suka fi tauri, sassan za su ci gaba da gaza duba girma saboda springback.

Girman Aikace-aikace na 3: Ingancin Gefen Bayan Naɗewa da Rufewa

Ingancin gefen yankewa da aka samar ta hanyar buga tambari - musamman rabon yankin yankewa mai tsabta zuwa yankin karyewa a gefen da aka huda - yana shafar kai tsaye ta hanyar taurin kayan. Sakamakon gwajinmu akan tsiri na 1.0 mm 304 a yanayi daban-daban yana nuna tsari bayyananne:

• 1/4H:Tsaftataccen yanki na yankewa = kashi 55–60% na kauri na abu. Kayan da suka yi laushi suna canzawa sosai kafin karyewa, suna samar da babban yanki mai ƙonewa da ƙarancin jujjuyawar manne. Duk da haka, burrs na gefen suna da ɗan bayyana kaɗan saboda sauƙin aiki na kayan.
• 1/2H:Tsaftataccen yanki na yankewa = 45–50%. Taurin da ya fi yawa yana rage yankin nakasassu na filastik, yana ba da kyakkyawan saman karyewa amma ƙarin birgima a gefen shiga. Tsawon burr yawanci shine 0.02–0.05 mm akan madaurin kaifi.
• Cikakken Tauri:Yankin yankewa mai tsabta = 30–40%. Kayan da aka yi amfani da su a farkon bugun naushi, suna haifar da saman gefen da ya karye wanda ba shi da ƙarancin yankin ƙonewa. Tsawon burr shine mafi ƙanƙanta (0.01–0.03 mm) amma madaidaiciyar gefen kuma ita ce mafi ƙarancin rauni.

Ga aikace-aikacen da ingancin gefen yake da mahimmanci a fannin kwalliya — kamar zare-zaren da ake iya gani ko allunan ado — 1/4H ko 1/2H yana samar da kyakkyawan yanayin saman. Ga sassan aiki inda daidaiton girman siffar da ba a rufe ba yake da mahimmanci, kuma bayyanar gefen abu ne na biyu, yanayin da ya fi tsauri yana ba da sassaka mai tsabta da ƙarancin shafawa.

Girman Aikace-aikace na 4: Rayuwar Gajiya ga Sassan Tambari Masu Sauƙi

Sassan da aka yi wa tambari waɗanda ke fuskantar lodawa akai-akai - maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, maƙulli, yatsun hannu, da kayan makulli - suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman ga zaɓin zafin jiki. Gwajin gajiyar da muka yi a cikin gida (ASTM E466, R = 0.1, 10 Hz) akan samfuran katakon cantilever masu tambari 304 sun nuna takamaiman bayanan aikin gajiya:

• 1/4H:Iyakar gajiya a zagaye 10⁷ = 220 MPa. Haɗin juriyar da ƙarfin matsakaici yana ba da kyakkyawan juriya ga fara fashewa. Duk da haka, kayan da suka yi laushi sun fi saurin lalacewa a saman yayin sarrafawa, wanda zai iya lalata fashewar gajiya.
• 1/2H:Iyakar gajiya a zagaye 10⁷ = 290 MPa. Mafi girman rabon ƙarfi-da-nauyi ya sa 1/2H ya zama mafi kyawun zaɓi ga sassan da aka yi wa tambari da gajiya. Iyakar juriya shine kusan 38% na ƙarfin tauri, daidai da yanayin gajiyar bakin ƙarfe na yau da kullun.
• Cikakken Tauri:Iyakar gajiya a zagaye 10⁷ = 200 MPa (ƙarfin da ke saman ya mamaye). Duk da ƙarfin juriya mafi girma, kayan FH suna da ƙarancin juriya ga gajiya saboda lahani a saman - gami da gefen yankewa - suna aiki azaman wuraren fara fashewa. Ƙarfin karyewar kuma yana raguwa a wannan matakin tauri.

Abin da za a iya ɗauka a aikace: ga maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da maƙullan da aka ɗora a ƙididdiga (dubban zagayowar), 1/2H yana ba da mafi kyawun aikin gajiya. Ga sassan da ke da mahimmanci ga aminci kuma suna yin miliyoyin zagayowar, yi la'akari da ko za a iya tsara ɓangaren da ƙarfin 1/4H da babban sashe, saboda fa'idar gajiyar ƙarfin juriya mai girma ana watsi da ita ta hanyar rage haƙurin lahani.

Girman Aikace-aikace 5: Amfanin Tsarin Farashi da Samarwa

Bambancin farashi tsakanin yanayin zafi ba ya cikin kayan da kansa ba ne - farashin ƙarfe na asali iri ɗaya ne ga wani matakin da aka bayar. Bambancin farashi ya fito ne daga yawan samarwa da wadatar wadata:

• 1/4Hshine mafi yawan adadin da ake samu a cikin masu rarraba bakin karfe. Lokacin jagora daga ma'ajiyar mu yawanci shine kwanaki 1-3 na aiki. Saboda 1/4H tsari ne mai ƙarancin raguwa, yawan injin niƙa ya fi girma, kuma farashin samarwa a kowace tan yana da kusan 5-8% ƙasa da FH.
• 1/2Hyana da wadatar hannun jari iri ɗaya da 1/4H a manyan kasuwanni. Farashin farashi kaɗan ne - yawanci 2-3% akan 1/4H saboda ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun sarrafa tsari.
• Cikakken Tauri (FH)yana buƙatar tsara jadawalin injin niƙa mai kyau saboda raguwar sanyi mai yawa (50%+) yana haifar da zafi mai yawa yayin birgima kuma yana buƙatar wucewar annea akai-akai don laushi mai tsaka-tsaki. Lokutan jagora yawanci kwanaki 10-15 ne na aiki sai dai idan an tara su. Farashin farashi shine 10-15% akan 1/4H don kammala saman daidai.

Ga masu siye na farko da ke tantance daidaiton kayan tambari, ina ba da shawarar farawa da 1/2H a matsayin tushe kuma a matsa zuwa 1/4H kawai idan aikin ƙirƙirar yana buƙatar ƙarin sassauci, ko kuma zuwa FH kawai idan ɓangaren ɓangaren kayan abu ne mai faɗi wanda ke buƙatar matsakaicin tauri. Wannan yana rage haɗarin samar da kayayyaki kuma yana kiyaye farashin kayan a tsakiyar yanayin zafi mai inganci.

Misalin Bayani Mai Amfani: Yadda Ake Rubuta Sashen Zafi a cikin RFQ ɗinka

Domin tabbatar da cewa mai samar da kayanka ya cika buƙatun da aka buƙata, haɗa waɗannan bayanai a cikin takardar siyan ku:

Bayanin Kayan Aiki:Zaren Bakin Karfe 304, Mai Sanyi
Daidaitacce:ASTM A240 / A240M
Halin hali:Rabin awa (Rabin-Hard), bisa ga ASTM A240 Tebur 2
Taurin Kai:96–104 HRB ko makamancin haka 210–260 HV
Ƙarfin Taurin Kai:620–780 MPa (an tabbatar da shi bisa ga ASTM A370)
Kauri:0.80 mm ± 0.03 mm
Faɗi:200 mm ± 0.5 mm (gefen da aka yanke)
Yanayin Gefen:Ragewa, an cire shi, matsakaicin ƙura 0.03 mm
Ƙarshen Fuskar:2B (ƙare niƙa, ɓangarorin biyu)
Takaddun shaida:MTR bisa ga EN 10204 Nau'in 3.1, gami da tauri da ƙimar tauri
Gwaji:Duba tauri akan kowace na'ura - karatu 3 a kowace na'ura, matsakaicin rahoto da kewayon

Ina ba da shawarar a haɗa wannan ƙayyadadden bayani ga kowace RFQ, koda kuwa don yin oda akai-akai. Kudin haɗa ƙarin layuka uku akan odar siye sifili ne. Kudin karɓar yanayin da bai dace ba - rufe layi, daidaita ma'aunin ma'auni, dawo da kayan - yawanci ya wuce ƙimar kayan kanta.

Tsarin Shawara: Zaɓar Halin Da Ya Dace Don Aikace-aikacenku

Kammalawa

Zaɓin tsakanin 1/4H, 1/2H, da Cikakken Hard mai lanƙwasa bakin ƙarfe mai sanyi don yin tambari daidai gwargwado shawara ce ta injiniya mai girma da yawa wanda ba za a iya rage shi zuwa "mafi wahala shin ya fi kyau" ko "mai laushi ya fi aminci ba." Ta hanyar kimanta aikace-aikacen a cikin girma biyar - iyawar tsari, sarrafa springback, ingancin gefen, aikin gajiya, da farashin wadata - ƙungiyoyin siye za su iya ƙayyade yanayin da ya dace da kwarin gwiwa.Ningbo Bakin KarfeMuna ba da cikakken bin diddigin zafin jiki, rahotannin gwajin injin niƙa, da kuma tabbatar da taurin jigilar kaya kafin jigilar kaya ga kowanebakin karfe mai naɗewa da sanyioda, daga samfuran tan 1 zuwa ayyukan samar da tan 100. Ina ba da shawarar a saka takamaiman yanayin zafi a cikin RFQ ɗinku kuma a nemi takardar shaidar tauri da ke nuna ASTM A240 ko JIS G4305 - ita ce hanya mafi kyau don tabbatar da cewa kayan da aka kawo sun dace da kayan da aka ambata.

Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi

Menene bambanci tsakanin 1/4H, 1/2H, da kuma bakin karfe mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi?

Waɗannan su ne ma'aunin zafin jiki da aka ƙayyade ta hanyar kashi na rage sanyi yayin birgima. 1/4H (~ raguwar 11%) yana ba da mafi kyawun tsari tare da HRB 88–96. 1/2H (~ raguwar 21%) yana daidaita ƙarfi da matsakaiciyar tsari a HRB 96–104. Cikakken Hard (~ raguwar 50%) yana ba da matsakaicin tauri a HRC 30–38 amma ba za a iya samar da shi ba - ana amfani da shi ne kawai ga sassan da ba su da faffadan sarari.

Za a iya lanƙwasa tsiri mai ƙarfi na bakin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi?

Kayan Cikakken Tauri yana da tsayi ƙasa da kashi 6%, wanda ke nufin zai fashe a kowace radius mai lanƙwasa ƙasa da kauri sau 3-5 na abu. Don daidaiton tambarin sassan da ke buƙatar lanƙwasa, 1/4H ko 1/2H shine zaɓin da ya dace. Ya kamata a ƙayyade Full Tauri kawai don ayyukan ɓoyewa ko hudawa.

Wanne yanayi ne ya fi dacewa da madaurin spring da kuma madaurin contact?

1/2H (rabin tauri) yana ba da mafi kyawun haɗin ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa, daidaiton lokacin bazara, da kuma tsawon lokacin gajiya don aikace-aikacen bazara. Gwajin gajiyarmu ya nuna cewa 1/2H yana da iyakar gajiya na kimanin 290 MPa a zagaye 10⁷ - mafi girman yanayin zafi uku na sassan da aka yi wa tambari mai zagaye.

Ta yaya zan tabbatar da yanayin bakin karfe da aka karɓa?

Yi amfani da na'urar gwada taurin Rockwell mai ɗaukuwa (ma'aunin HRB na 1/4H da 1/2H, ma'aunin HRC na FH) a kan saman tsiri mai tsabta da lebur. A madadin haka, gwajin ƙarfin Vickers a kan sashe yana ba da ƙarin karatu daidai. Nemi takardar shaidar gwajin injin da ke ƙayyade yanayin zafi - ASTM A240 yana buƙatar mai samar da kayayyaki ya ba da rahoton taurin kai ga kowane yanayi.

Shin zafin jiki yana shafar juriyar tsatsa na tsiri na bakin karfe 304?

A'a — sinadaran da ke cikinsa (18% Cr, 8% Ni) ba ya canzawa da yanayin zafi. Duk da haka, yanayin saman zai iya bambanta: yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi na iya samun yanayin zafi mai ɗan ƙarfi daga tsarin birgima, amma juriyar tsatsa a cikin aiki iri ɗaya ne a cikin yanayin zafi don ƙarewar saman da aka bayar (2B, No. 4, ko BA).

Menene mafi ƙarancin adadin oda don simintin zafin jiki na musamman?

Ga yanayin zafi na 1/4H da 1/2H a faɗin gama gari (50–600 mm), MOQ yawanci tan metric ne 1 a kowace girma. Ga Full Hard, MOQ na iya zama mafi girma (tan 3–5) saboda buƙatun jadawalin injin niƙa. Yawancin masu rarrabawa suna da yanayin zafi na yau da kullun kuma suna iya samar da ƙananan adadi tare da daidaita farashin kowace kg.

Mr. Chen ne ya rubuta — Daraktan Fasaha a Ningbo Stainless Steel Co., Ltd. Ƙwararren zaɓi na kayan ƙarfe na bakin ƙarfe, aikace-aikacen birgima na sanyi, da kuma hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki na masana'antu. Haɗa:Instagram | Facebook